Scientists grow an entire salad in Antarctica without any daylight or soil

Scientists have harvested their first crop of vegetables grown in an Antarctic greenhouse, a major step in cultivating fresh food on distant planets. As part of the Eden ISS project, researchers have been trying to grow plants in the desolate region for several years.

Experts managed to grow a variety of vegetables to make an entire salad without the use of soil, daylight or pesticides.

The long-term aim is to help astronauts who venture off-world set up self sustaining colonies on Mars and elsewhere in deep space.

Researchers at Germany’s Neumayer Station III picked eight pounds (3.6 kilograms) of salad greens, 18 cucumbers and 70 radishes.

The food was grown inside a high-tech facility as temperatures outside dropped below -20°C (-4°F).

‘After sowing the seeds in mid-February, I had to deal with some unexpected problems, such as minor system failures and the strongest storm in more than a year,’ Paul Zabel, an engineer involved with the project, told Deutsche Welle.

‘Fortunately, all these things could be fixed and overcome.’

The German Aerospace Center (DLR), which coordinates the project, said that by May scientists hope to harvest 9 to 11 pounds (four or five kilograms) of fruit and vegetables a week.

The plants were grown using a reusable water cycle and a nutrient system, LED lighting and carefully monitored carbon dioxide levels to replicate natural conditions.

The progress and success of the study bodes well for applications on future space missions.

Currently, astronauts live off dehydrated packet food, which is ideal for the current duration of missions but this would be impossible for deep space exploration.

The vast volume and weight required to sustain the crew would cause an exponential increase in the amount of rocket-fuel needed, ruling it out as a source of nutrients for missions to Mars.

As a result, astronauts will be forced to grow their own food, or face starvation.

This is where Eden comes in, developing techniques and systems to make this possible in the most adverse conditions imaginable.

While Nasa has successfully grown greens on the International Space Station, DLR’s Daniel Schubert says the Antarctic project aims to produce a wider range of vegetables that might one day be grown on Mars or the Moon.

Nasa has been trying to do this for some time now, with astronaut Scott Kelly succeeding in growing a zinnia flower while orbiting in space.

As well as this botanical marvel, his fellow space travelling peers on board the International Space Station (ISS) successfully grew red romaine lettuce.

Whilst Nasa have successfully grown plants on a small scale in orbit, the European Space Agency (ESA) have been working to determine how plants will grow long-term in space.

The Eden ISS project consists of two shipping containers subdivided into three distinct sections.

The facility is operated by a crew member, with a large emphasis on remote monitoring and operations.

The international trial contains life-support systems which use recycled urine to manufacture fertiliser.

Urine has the potential to be a valuable asset in the growth and fertilisation of plants on long term space missions.

Human urine is 95 per cent water and the remaining five per cent is made of nitrogen, potassium and other elements that plants use to grow.

In March, a team led by Dr Federico Maggi at the University of Sydney in Australia published the results of a study which looked at how plants could take up nutrients from human urine.

Because these elements aren’t destroyed between eating them and passing them, they could be recycled indefinitely.

Plant scientist Dr Abraham Noe-Hays of the Rich Earth Institute in Guilford, Vermont, who was not involved in the research, told New Scientist: ‘If you’re trying to operate independently and grow food, plants need fertiliser.

‘And the only fertiliser that would be available would be [human] wastes.’

 

Daily Mail

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